Experiences of intensive care unit nurses with COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experiences of intensive care unit nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology in which 20 nurses who work in intensive care units at public and private hospitals were interviewed between July and September 2020. Data were analyzed according to the adopted theoretical-methodological framework and the literature related to the subject. RESULTS: The interviewed nurses mentioned demands about working conditions, professional recognition and training, and support to physical and mental health, which proved necessary considering the care intensity experienced by these professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Learning the nurses' experiences evidenced the need to adjust to a new way of providing care that included the physical space, new institutional protocols, continuous use of protective equipment, and patients' demand for special care. This originated the necessity to be around situations that interfered with their health and motivated them to carry out professional projects after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Role of nurses in a field hospital aimed at patients with Covid-19.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of nurses in field hospitals aimed at patients with Covid-19. METHODS: Qualitative research based on Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology. Twenty nurses working in São Paulo were interviewed between May and June 2020. The testimonies were organized and analyzed based on the theoretical-methodological and thematic framework. RESULTS: The following categories emerged: "Nurses' challenges in field hospital care", "Visibility of nursing in the Covid-19 pandemic scenario" and "Covid-19 post-pandemic professional valorization". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The reflection on the results that emerged in this study may contribute to support improvements in training, working conditions and valuing nurses, considering the importance of this professional category in the scope of health services. New investigations may increase knowledge in the area, providing subsidies for professional role in this and other health situations that require nursing intensity and excellence.

Assistência estudantil a universitários em licença médica: um estudo de caso / Asistencia estudiantil a universitarios en licencia médica: un caso de estudio / Student assistance to undergraduates on sick leave: a case study

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como ocorre o processo de assistência estudantil a universitários em licença médica. Método: estudo de caso, exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre agosto de 2018 e maio de 2019, em uma universidade pública localizada no sudeste brasileiro. Analisaram-se 46 processos abertos por estudantes; obtiveram-se 15 depoimentos de coordenadores de cursos, professores, estudantes e profissionais da Pró-Reitoria de Assistência Estudantil, além de 12 respostas a um questionário on-line preenchido pelos discentes. Utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: há demora na tramitação dos processos, diferenças de conduta no gerenciamento dos casos, falta de credibilidade na condição de saúde do discentee de flexibilização do conteúdo, além de pouco conhecimento sobre o direito à assistência estudantil em situações de licença médica. Faz-se necessária maior divulgação desse direito e sistematização dos trâmites na instituição. Considerações finais: diante das dificuldades apontadas e das demandas apresentadas, explicita-se a necessidade de maior investimento na assistência estudantil que considere os diversos aspectos da vida dos estudantes, em especial a saúde, com orientação no processo ensino-aprendizagem e acompanhamento psicopedagógico nos casos de licença médica.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo ocurre el proceso de asistencia estudiantil a universitarios en licencia médica. Método: estudio de caso, exploratorio, descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, realizado entre agosto de 2018 y mayo de 2019, en una universidad pública ubicada en el sudeste brasileño. Se analizaron 46 procesos abiertos por estu-diantes; se obtuvieron 15 relatos de coordinadores de cursos, profesores, estudiantes y profesionales de la Pro-rrectoría de Asistencia Estudiantil, además de 12 respuestas a un cuestionario online rellenado por los estudiantes. Se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin para el tratamiento de los datos. Resultados: hay demora en la trami-tación de los procesos, diferencias de conducta en la gestión de los casos, falta de credibilidad en la condición de salud del discente y de flexibilización del contenido, además de poco conocimiento sobre el derecho a la asistencia estudiantil en situaciones de licencia médica. Se hace necesaria mayor divulgación de ese derecho y sistematización de los trámites en la institución. Consideraciones finales: ante las dificultades señaladas y las demandas presentadas, se explicita la necesidad de mayor inversión en la asistencia estudiantil que considere los diversos aspectos de la vida de los estudiantes, en especial la salud, con orientación en el proceso enseñan-za-aprendizaje y acompañamiento psicopedagógico en los casos de licencia médica.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how the process of student assistance to undergraduates on sick leave occurs. Methods: exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative case study carried out between August 2018 and May 2019 in a public university in the southeast region of Brazil. Forty-six cases opened by students were analyzed. Additionally, 15 accounts by course coordinators, professors, students, and professionals at the Office of the Pro Dean for Student Assistance and answers by 12 students to an online questionnaire were collected. Bardin's content analysis was used to treat the data. Results: there was delay in the processingof the cases, differences in the approaches applied to manage the cases, lack of belief in the existence of the undergraduates' health issues and of content flexibility, and little knowledge about the right to student assistance in situations of sick leave. It was patent that the existence of this right has to be more disseminated and that the procedures at the institution have to be systematized. Final considerations: the mentioned difficulties and presented demands explained the need for greater investments in a modality of student assistance that takes into account the several aspects of students' lives, especially health, providing them with guidance during the teaching-learning process and psychopedagogical follow-up in sick leave cases.

Experiences of intensive care unit nurses with COVID-19 patients / Experiencia de enfermeros actuantes en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva con pacientes infectados por COVID-19 / Vivência de enfermeiros que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com pacientes infectados pela COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experiences of intensive care unit nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19. Methods: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology in which 20 nurses who work in intensive care units at public and private hospitals were interviewed between July and September 2020. Data were analyzed according to the adopted theoretical-methodological framework and the literature related to the subject. Results: The interviewed nurses mentioned demands about working conditions, professional recognition and training, and support to physical and mental health, which proved necessary considering the care intensity experienced by these professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Learning the nurses' experiences evidenced the need to adjust to a new way of providing care that included the physical space, new institutional protocols, continuous use of protective equipment, and patients' demand for special care. This originated the necessity to be around situations that interfered with their health and motivated them to carry out professional projects after the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia de enfermeros actuantes en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva con pacientes infectados por COVID-19. Método: Investigación cualitativa basada en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, entrevistándose a 20 enfermeros actuantes en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de hospitales públicos y privados, entre julio y setiembre de 2020. Datos analizados según referencial teórico-metodológico adoptado, y con literatura correspondiente al tema. Resultados: Los enfermeros manifiestan demandas relacionadas a condiciones laborales, valoración y capacitación profesional, además del apoyo a la salud física y mental, considerando la intensa atención practicada en pandemia. Conclusión: La comprensión de la experiencia de los enfermeros mostró que fue necesario adaptarse a ese nuevo modo de cuidar, que incluye espacio físico, nuevos protocolos institucionales, uso permanente de equipos de protección y atención diferenciada requerida por los pacientes. Esto generó necesidad de convivir con situaciones que interferían en su salud y en la motivación para realizar proyectos para la vida profesional luego de la pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a vivência de enfermeiros que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com pacientes infectados pela COVID-19. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, que entrevistou 20 enfermeiros atuantes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de hospitais públicos e privados, entre julho e setembro de 2020. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com o referencial teórico-metodológico adotado e com a literatura pertinente à temática. Resultados: Os enfermeiros apontam demandas relacionadas às condições de trabalho, valorização e capacitação profissional, além do apoio à saúde física e mental, considerando-se a intensidade do cuidado vivenciado durante a pandemia. Conclusão: A compreensão da vivência dos enfermeiros mostrou que houve necessidade de adaptação a esse novo modo de cuidar que inclui o espaço físico, novos protocolos institucionais, uso contínuo de equipamentos de proteção e cuidado diferenciado requerido pelos pacientes. Isso gerou a necessidade de conviver com situações que interferiam em sua saúde, bem como na motivação para realização de projetos para a vida profissional, após a pandemia pelo novo coronavírus.

Experiences and expectations of obese older people on the care received in the primary health care network.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the experiences and expectations of obese elderly people on the care they received in the primary health care network. METHODS: phenomenological study, in which 16 obese elderly people living in a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were interviewed. Their statements were organized into categories and analyzed according to Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology and thematic literature. RESULTS: the following categories emerged: "Care neglected to obese elderly people in the primary health care network", "Group activities as a way to provide primary health care to obese elderly people: a present past", and "Qualified longitudinal care, centered in the needs of obese elderly people". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: offering comprehensive and longitudinal primary health care to obese older people was difficult, and there was instability in the consolidation of public policies, which pointed out the need for effective bonds between different healthcare network services and between professionals and users.

Older adults with physical disabilities: vulnerabilities relative to the body, the physical and social environment.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the vulnerabilities of older adults with physical disabilities regarding their body, physical and social environments. METHOD: this was a qualitative study based on Alfred Schütz' social phenomenology, with 15 older adults with physical disability from Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Open-ended questionnaires were administered to the participants in 2017. The units of meaning that emerged were organized into thematic categories. RESULTS: physical decline, associated with the permanence of environmental and social barriers intensified the vulnerabilities of older adults. Gaps in health services are mitigated by informal social support networks and access to work was a form of social inclusion. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: vulnerabilities in the old age of persons with physical disabilities did not reside only in the body dimension, but also the physical and social environment, countering healthcare models based on the logic of reverting their dysfunctional body.

Path taken by morbidly obese people in search of bariatric surgery in the public health system.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the path taken in the public health system by people with morbid obesity in the search for bariatric surgery. METHOD: qualitative research based on the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz, with 17 hospitalized morbidly obese people, with a scheduled date for bariatric surgery. The phenomenological interview with open questions was used and the statements were analyzed in the light of the theoretical-methodological framework and literature related to the theme. RESULTS: the participants were able to schedule bariatric surgery by referring friends, family and public people. The waiting list for the procedure generated anguish and anxiety due to fear of surgery, weight gain, risk of worsening health and physical limitations, but it helped prepare for its performance. The experience lived in the search for bariatric surgery led these people to want continuity of care in the Basic Health Unit, after the surgery, by professionals trained to meet their needs. CONCLUSION: the aspects inscribed in the path of people in search of bariatric surgery signal the need to strengthen the assistance-related flows of the public health system and to invest in professional training to reduce the social inequalities in access to bariatric surgery and increased quality of services.

The health care experience of individuals with morbid obesity assisted in public healthcare services.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the health care experience of individuals with morbid obesity assisted in public healthcare services. METHOD: This was a qualitative study based on Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology, carried out in the medical-surgical clinic of a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews with open questions were conducted between January and April 2017. RESULTS: Seventeen individuals with morbid obesity participated in the study. The findings revealed care(lessness) experiences of obese individuals in the Brazilian Healthcare System in terms of structure/logistics and human resources. Study participants shared care expectations about health care management and staff, and further considered the Primary Health Care service as a scenario of power to have their obesity-related care needs met. CONCLUSION: The findings need to be carefully (re)examined by the healthcare system's micro- and macro management, as well as by health teaching and research personnel, in order to integrate, follow up and qualify care actions towards the prevention and control of obesity in public healthcare services.

Actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units. METHODS: A phenomenological study was carried out with 12 nurses of a city in the state of Minas Gerais. The interviews were organized into categories and analyzed according to the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and literature associated with the theme. RESULTS: The following categories emerged, expressing the actions of nurses toward obesity prevention and control: "Guidance on healthy lifestyle habits", "Barriers to the actions of nurses", and "Focusing specifically on obesity". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Considering that guidance on healthy lifestyle habits was mostly carried out during individual and collective activities directed to the general population, regardless of their weight conditions, nurses must reorganize their professional practice in primary health care units by implementing specific actions for users with obesity or at risk of developing it.

Actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units / Actuación de enfermeros orientada a la obesidad en la Unidad Básica de Salud / Atuação de enfermeiros voltada para a obesidade na Unidade Básica de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: To understand the actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units. Methods: A phenomenological study was carried out with 12 nurses of a city in the state of Minas Gerais. The interviews were organized into categories and analyzed according to the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and literature associated with the theme. Results: The following categories emerged, expressing the actions of nurses toward obesity prevention and control: "Guidance on healthy lifestyle habits", "Barriers to the actions of nurses", and "Focusing specifically on obesity". Final considerations: Considering that guidance on healthy lifestyle habits was mostly carried out during individual and collective activities directed to the general population, regardless of their weight conditions, nurses must reorganize their professional practice in primary health care units by implementing specific actions for users with obesity or at risk of developing it.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Comprender la actuación de enfermeros orientada a la obesidad en la Unidad Básica de Salud. Métodos: Estudio fenomenológico, entrevistando a 12 enfermeros de un municipio de Minas Gerais. Los testimonios fueron organizados en categorías y analizados según fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz y literatura relacionada con la temática. Resultados: Surgieron categorías que expresan la actuación de los enfermeros respecto de la prevención y control de la obesidad: "Orientaciones sobre hábitos de vida saludables", "Obstáculos para la actuación del enfermero" y "Especializarse específicamente en obesidad". Consideraciones Finales: Considerando que las orientaciones sobre hábitos de vida saludables fueron realizadas fundamentalmente durante las actividades individuales y colectivas abiertas al público en general, independientemente de la condición ponderal, señálase la necesidad de que el enfermero reorganice sus prácticas profesionales en la Unidad Básica de Salud, con el objeto de implementar acciones específicas para los pacientes con obesidad y/o con riesgo de desarrollarla.

RESUMO Objetivos: Compreender a atuação de enfermeiros voltada para a obesidade na Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa fenomenológica que entrevistou 12 enfermeiros de um município de Minas Gerais. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e analisados segundo a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz e literatura relacionada à temática. Resultados: Emergiram categorias que expressam a atuação dos enfermeiros em relação à prevenção e ao controle da obesidade: "Orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis de vida", "Barreiras à atuação do enfermeiro" e "Voltar-se especificamente para a obesidade". Considerações Finais: Considerando que as orientações sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis eram realizadas predominantemente durante as atividades individuais e coletivas voltadas para o público em geral, independentemente da condição ponderal, sinaliza-se a necessidade de o enfermeiro reorganizar suas práticas profissionais na Unidade Básica de Saúde, de modo a implementar ações específicas para os usuários com obesidade e/ou com risco para desenvolvê-la.

Actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units / Actuación de enfermeros orientada a la obesidad en la Unidad Básica de Salud / Atuação de enfermeiros voltada para a obesidade na Unidade Básica de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: To understand the actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units. Methods: A phenomenological study was carried out with 12 nurses of a city in the state of Minas Gerais. The interviews were organized into categories and analyzed according to the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and literature associated with the theme. Results: The following categories emerged, expressing the actions of nurses toward obesity prevention and control: "Guidance on healthy lifestyle habits", "Barriers to the actions of nurses", and "Focusing specifically on obesity". Final considerations: Considering that guidance on healthy lifestyle habits was mostly carried out during individual and collective activities directed to the general population, regardless of their weight conditions, nurses must reorganize their professional practice in primary health care units by implementing specific actions for users with obesity or at risk of developing it.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Comprender la actuación de enfermeros orientada a la obesidad en la Unidad Básica de Salud. Métodos: Estudio fenomenológico, entrevistando a 12 enfermeros de un municipio de Minas Gerais. Los testimonios fueron organizados en categorías y analizados según fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz y literatura relacionada con la temática. Resultados: Surgieron categorías que expresan la actuación de los enfermeros respecto de la prevención y control de la obesidad: "Orientaciones sobre hábitos de vida saludables", "Obstáculos para la actuación del enfermero" y "Especializarse específicamente en obesidad". Consideraciones Finales: Considerando que las orientaciones sobre hábitos de vida saludables fueron realizadas fundamentalmente durante las actividades individuales y colectivas abiertas al público en general, independientemente de la condición ponderal, señálase la necesidad de que el enfermero reorganice sus prácticas profesionales en la Unidad Básica de Salud, con el objeto de implementar acciones específicas para los pacientes con obesidad y/o con riesgo de desarrollarla.

RESUMO Objetivos: Compreender a atuação de enfermeiros voltada para a obesidade na Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa fenomenológica que entrevistou 12 enfermeiros de um município de Minas Gerais. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e analisados segundo a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz e literatura relacionada à temática. Resultados: Emergiram categorias que expressam a atuação dos enfermeiros em relação à prevenção e ao controle da obesidade: "Orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis de vida", "Barreiras à atuação do enfermeiro" e "Voltar-se especificamente para a obesidade". Considerações Finais: Considerando que as orientações sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis eram realizadas predominantemente durante as atividades individuais e coletivas voltadas para o público em geral, independentemente da condição ponderal, sinaliza-se a necessidade de o enfermeiro reorganizar suas práticas profissionais na Unidade Básica de Saúde, de modo a implementar ações específicas para os usuários com obesidade e/ou com risco para desenvolvê-la.

Experiences and expectations of obese older people on the care received in the primary health care network / Experiencias y expectativas de ancianos obesos sobre la asistencia en atención primaria de salud / Experiências e expectativas de idosos com obesidade sobre a assistência na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experiences and expectations of obese elderly people on the care they received in the primary health care network. Methods: phenomenological study, in which 16 obese elderly people living in a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were interviewed. Their statements were organized into categories and analyzed according to Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology and thematic literature. Results: the following categories emerged: "Care neglected to obese elderly people in the primary health care network", "Group activities as a way to provide primary health care to obese elderly people: a present past", and "Qualified longitudinal care, centered in the needs of obese elderly people". Final considerations: offering comprehensive and longitudinal primary health care to obese older people was difficult, and there was instability in the consolidation of public policies, which pointed out the need for effective bonds between different healthcare network services and between professionals and users.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender experiencias y expectativas de ancianos con obesidad relativas a la asistencia brindada en Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Investigación fenomenológica, entrevistándose 16 ancianos con obesidad de un municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los testimonios fueron organizados en categorías y analizados según fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz y literatura temática. Resultados: Surgieron las categorías "La atención negada al anciano con obesidad en Atención Primaria de Salud", "Actividades grupales como modo de atender ancianos con obesidad en Atención Primaria de Salud: un pasado presente" y "Atención longitudinal calificada y centrada en las necesidades del anciano con obesidad". Consideraciones finales: La atención integral y longitudinal del anciano con obesidad en Atención Primaria de Salud es dificultosa, existiendo inestabilidad en la consolidación de políticas públicas, señalando esto la necesidad de vínculos efectivos entre los servicios de la red de atención de salud y entre profesionales y usuarios.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as experiências e expectativas de pessoas idosas com obesidade relacionadas à assistência prestada no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: pesquisa fenomenológica que entrevistou 16 idosos com obesidade de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e analisados segundo a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz e literatura temática. Resultados: emergiram as categorias: "O cuidado negligenciado à pessoa idosa com obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde", "Atividades grupais como um modo de assistir pessoas idosas com obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde: um passado presente" e "Assistência longitudinal qualificada e centrada nas necessidades da pessoa idosa com obesidade". Considerações finais: o atendimento integral e longitudinal ao idoso com obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde é dificultoso, existindo instabilidade na consolidação de políticas públicas, sinalizando a necessidade de vínculos efetivos entre os serviços da rede de atenção à saúde e entre profissionais e usuários.

The health care experience of individuals with morbid obesity assisted in public healthcare services / El cuidado experimentado por personas obesas mórbidas en los servicios públicos de salud / O cuidado experienciado por pessoas com obesidade mórbida nos Serviços Públicos de Saúde

Abstract Objective: To understand the health care experience of individuals with morbid obesity assisted in public healthcare services. Method: This was a qualitative study based on Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology, carried out in the medical-surgical clinic of a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews with open questions were conducted between January and April 2017. Results: Seventeen individuals with morbid obesity participated in the study. The findings revealed care(lessness) experiences of obese individuals in the Brazilian Healthcare System in terms of structure/logistics and human resources. Study participants shared care expectations about health care management and staff, and further considered the Primary Health Care service as a scenario of power to have their obesity-related care needs met. Conclusion: The findings need to be carefully (re)examined by the healthcare system's micro- and macro management, as well as by health teaching and research personnel, in order to integrate, follow up and qualify care actions towards the prevention and control of obesity in public healthcare services.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender el cuidado experimentado por personas obesas mórbidas en los Servicios Públicos de Salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa anclada en el marco de referencia de la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, llevada a cabo en la clínica médico-quirúrgica de un hospital público de São Paulo. Se realizaron entrevistas con preguntas abiertas entre enero y abril de 2017. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 17 personas obesas mórbidas. Los hallazgos mostraron experiencias de (des)cuidado a las personas obesas en los caminos recurridos en el sistema sanitario, tanto en el marco estructural como en lo que se refiere a los recursos humanos en el Sistema Único de Salud. Frente a eso, dichas personas lanzan expectativas de cuidado que abarcan la gestión y a los profesionales sanitarios, habiendo sido la Atención Primaria de Salud el escenario de potencia elegido por los participantes para dar respuestas a las necesidades sanitarias implicadas en la obesidad. Conclusión: Los resultados de esa investigación carecen de (re)evaluarse con juicio por la micro y macrogestión del sistema, así como por la enseñanza e investigación sanitarias, a fin de integrar, longitudinalizar y cualificar las acciones cuidadoras para la prevención y el control de la obesidad en los servicios públicos sanitarios.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender o cuidado experienciado por pessoas com obesidade mórbida nos Serviços Públicos de Saúde. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa ancorada no referencial da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, realizada na clínica médico-cirúrgica de um hospital público de São Paulo. Realizaram-se entrevistas com questões abertas entre janeiro e abril de 2017. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 17 pessoas com obesidade mórbida. Os achados mostraram experiências de (des)cuidado para com pessoas obesas nos caminhos percorridos no sistema de saúde, tanto no quesito estrutural quanto no tocante aos recursos humanos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Diante disso, estas pessoas lançam expectativas de cuidado envolvendo a gestão e os profissionais de saúde, tendo sido a Atenção Primária à Saúde o cenário de potência eleito pelos participantes para dar respostas às necessidades de saúde implicadas na obesidade. Conclusão: Os resultados desta investigação carecem de ser criteriosamente (re)avaliados pela micro e macrogestão do sistema, bem como pelo ensino e pesquisa na saúde, no sentido de integralizar, longitudinalizar e qualificar as ações cuidativas para a prevenção e o controle da obesidade nos serviços públicos de saúde.

Older adults with physical disabilities: vulnerabilities relative to the body, the physical and social environment / Ancianos con discapacidades físicas: vulnerabilidades en relación con el cuerpo, el entorno físico y social / Idosos com deficiência física: vulnerabilidades em relação ao corpo, ambiente físico e social

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the vulnerabilities of older adults with physical disabilities regarding their body, physical and social environments. Method: this was a qualitative study based on Alfred Schütz' social phenomenology, with 15 older adults with physical disability from Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Open-ended questionnaires were administered to the participants in 2017. The units of meaning that emerged were organized into thematic categories. Results: physical decline, associated with the permanence of environmental and social barriers intensified the vulnerabilities of older adults. Gaps in health services are mitigated by informal social support networks and access to work was a form of social inclusion. Final considerations: vulnerabilities in the old age of persons with physical disabilities did not reside only in the body dimension, but also the physical and social environment, countering healthcare models based on the logic of reverting their dysfunctional body.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Entender las vulnerabilidades de ancianos con discapacidades físicas en relación con su cuerpo, el entorno físico y social. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, con 15 ancianos con discapacidad física, de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Se obtuvieron los testimonios en 2017, a través de entrevistas con preguntas abiertas. Las unidades de significado que surgieron fueron organizadas en categorías temáticas. Resultados: se evidenció que el avance del deterioro físico, asociado con la permanencia de las barreras ambientales y sociales, intensificó las vulnerabilidades de los ancianos. Las brechas en los servicios de salud son mitigadas por la red informal de apoyo social, y el acceso al trabajo constituye un modo de inclusión social. Consideraciones finales: las vulnerabilidades en la tercera edad de personas con discapacidades físicas residen no solo en la dimensión corporal, sino también en el entorno físico y social, contraponiendo los modelos de salud basados en la lógica de la reversión corporal disfuncional.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as vulnerabilidades de pessoas idosas com deficiência física em relação ao corpo ambiente físico e social. Método: estudo qualitativo fundamentado na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, com 15 pessoas idosas com deficiência física, de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os depoimentos foram obtidos em 2017, por meio de entrevista com questões abertas. As unidades de significado que emergiram foram organizadas em categorias temáticas. Resultados: evidenciou-se que o avanço do declínio físico, associado à permanência das barreiras ambientais e sociais, intensificou as vulnerabilidades da pessoa idosa. As lacunas dos serviços de saúde são atenuadas pela rede informal de apoio social, e o acesso ao trabalho constituiu um modo de inclusão social. Considerações finais: as vulnerabilidades na velhice da pessoa com deficiência física não residem apenas na dimensão corporal, mas também no ambiente físico e social, contrapondo-se os modelos de saúde baseados na lógica da reversão do corpo disfuncional.

Path taken by morbidly obese people in search of bariatric surgery in the public health system / Caminho percorrido por obesos mórbidos em busca da cirurgia bariátrica no sistema público de saúde / Camino recorrido por obesos mórbidos en la búsqueda de la cirugía bariátrica en el sistema público de salud

Objective: to understand the path taken in the public health system by people with morbid obesity in the search for bariatric surgery. Method: qualitative research based on the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz, with 17 hospitalized morbidly obese people, with a scheduled date for bariatric surgery. The phenomenological interview with open questions was used and the statements were analyzed in the light of the theoretical-methodological framework and literature related to the theme. Results: the participants were able to schedule bariatric surgery by referring friends, family and public people. The waiting list for the procedure generated anguish and anxiety due to fear of surgery, weight gain, risk of worsening health and physical limitations, but it helped prepare for its performance. The experience lived in the search for bariatric surgery led these people to want continuity of care in the Basic Health Unit, after the surgery, by professionals trained to meet their needs. Conclusion: the aspects inscribed in the path of people in search of bariatric surgery signal the need to strengthen the assistance-related flows of the public health system and to invest in professional training to reduce the social inequalities in access to bariatric surgery and increased quality of services.(AU)

Objetivo: compreender o caminho percorrido no sistema público de saúde pela pessoa com obesidade mórbida em busca da cirurgia bariátrica. Método: pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, com 17 pessoas obesas mórbidas hospitalizadas, com data agendada para a cirurgia bariátrica. Utilizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica com questões abertas e os depoimentos foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico-metodológico e literatura referente ao tema. Resultados: os participantes conseguiram agendamento para a cirurgia bariátrica por meio da indicação de amigos, familiares e pessoas públicas. A fila de espera pelo procedimento gerou angústia e ansiedade devido ao medo da cirurgia, aumento do peso, risco de agravamento da saúde e das limitações físicas, mas auxiliou na preparação para sua realização. A experiência vivida na busca pela cirurgia bariátrica levou essas pessoas a desejarem a continuidade da assistência na Unidade Básica de Saúde, após a cirurgia, por profissionais capacitados para atender as suas necessidades. Conclusão: os aspectos inscritos no caminho de pessoas em busca de cirurgia bariátrica sinalizam a necessidade de fortalecimento dos fluxos assistenciais do sistema público de saúde e de investimento na capacitação profissional para redução das desigualdades no acesso à cirurgia bariátrica e incremento da qualidade dos serviços.(AU)

Objetivo: comprender el camino que recorre la persona con obesidad mórbida en el sistema de salud pública en la búsqueda de cirugía bariátrica. Método: investigación cualitativa basada en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, con 17 personas internadas con obesidad mórbida, con fecha programada para cirugía bariátrica. Se utilizó la entrevista fenomenológica con preguntas abiertas y las declaraciones se analizaron a la luz del marco teórico-metodológico y la literatura relacionada con el tema. Resultados: los participantes pudieron programar la cirugía bariátrica gracias a la recomendación de amigos, familiares y personas públicas. La lista de espera para el procedimiento generó angustia y ansiedad debido a factores como el miedo a la cirugía, aumento de peso, riesgo de empeorar el estado de salud y limitaciones físicas, pero ayudó a los participantes a prepararse para su realización. La experiencia vivida en la búsqueda de cirugía bariátrica llevó a estas personas a pretender la continuidad de la atención por profesionales capacitados para satisfacer sus necesidades en la Unidad Básica de Salud, después de la cirugía. Conclusión: los vaivenes que se suscitan en el camino de las personas en búsqueda de cirugía bariátrica señalan la necesidad de fortalecer los flujos de atención del sistema de salud pública e invertir en capacitación profesional para reducir las desigualdades en el acceso a la cirugía bariátrica y aumentar la calidad de los servicios prestados.(AU)

Fatores associados à experimentação do tabaco entre escolares adolescentes / Factors associated with tobacco experimentation among adolescents students

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à experimentação do tabaco entre adolescentes do Ensino Fundamental. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com 186 participantes entre os 11 aos 19 anos de idade de uma escola pública do Ensino Fundamental. Preencheu-se um questionário autoaplicável estruturado, com itens do instrumento "California Tobacco Survey 2015-2016", adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. Organizaram-se os dados em planilha eletrônica do Microsoft Excel 2010 para posterior análise descritiva e estatística, com o auxílio do SPSS. Resultados: relatou-se, pela maioria, ter amigos que fumam e que não é permitido fumar em suas casas. Evidenciou-se que a idade, o ano escolar e o número de amigos que fumam foram os aspectos significativamente associados à experimentação de produtos do tabaco. Conclusão: salienta-se que esses resultados podem se constituir em elementos que subsidiem programas educacionais antitabagismo nas escolas, e contribuir para o fomento de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção do contato de adolescentes com os produtos do tabaco, de modo a impactar positivamente a saúde dos jovens e diminuir a possibilidade da experimentação de drogas ilícitas.(AU)

Objective: to identify factors associated with tobacco experimentation among elementary school adolescents. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, with 186 participants between 11 and 19 years old from a public elementary school. A self-administered structured questionnaire was filled out with items from the "California Tobacco Survey 2015-2016" instrument, adapted to the Brazilian context. The data was organized in a Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet for further descriptive and statistical analysis, with the help of SPSS. Results: it was reported, by the majority, to have friends who smoke and that smoking is not allowed in their homes. It was found that age, school year and the number of friends who smoke were aspects significantly associated with experimenting with tobacco products. Conclusion: it is emphasized that these results can constitute elements that subsidize educational anti-smoking programs in schools, and contribute to the promotion of public policies aimed at preventing the contact of adolescents with tobacco products, in order to positively impact health of young people and decrease the possibility of experimenting with illicit drugs.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con la experimentación de tabaco entre los adolescentes de primaria. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, con 186 participantes de entre 11 y 19 años de una escuela primaria pública. Se rellenó un cuestionario estructurado autoadministrado con elementos del instrumento "California Tobacco Survey 2015-2016", adaptado al contexto brasileño. Los datos se organizaron en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel 2010 para su posterior análisis descriptivo y estadístico, con la ayuda de SPSS. Resultados: se informó, por mayoría, tener amigos que fuman y que no está permitido fumar en sus hogares. Se descubrió que la edad, el año escolar y la cantidad de amigos que fuman eran aspectos significativamente asociados con la experimentación de productos de tabaco. Conclusión: se enfatiza que estos resultados pueden constituir elementos que subsidian los programas educativos contra el tabaquismo en las escuelas y contribuyen a la promoción de políticas públicas destinadas a prevenir el contacto de los adolescentes con los productos del tabaco, a fin de impactar positivamente la salud de los jóvenes y reducir la posibilidad de experimentar drogas ilícitas.(AU)

Nursing approach to tobacco users in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the experience of nurses in the approach to tobacco users in primary health care services. METHOD: Qualitative, phenomenological research with 15 nurses who were interviewed between January and March 2017. Their speeches were analyzed and classified into categories. RESULTS: the approach by nurses to tobacco users is performed in an individual and unsystematic manner and in operative groups in accordance with the principles of the cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is a complex approach due to issues related to users themselves and to human, material, and structural resources. The expectations of nurses include supporting smoking cessation and expanding the tobacco use prevention work in educational environments. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this study points out that nurses need to use the nursing care systematization in coordination with the recommendations of policies aimed at tobacco use control to perform their role in the promotion, control, and reduction of health complications in tobacco users.

Nursing approach to tobacco users in primary health care / Abordaje del enfermero a los fumadores en atención primaria de salud / Abordagem do enfermeiro aos usuários tabagistas na Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of nurses in the approach to tobacco users in primary health care services. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological research with 15 nurses who were interviewed between January and March 2017. Their speeches were analyzed and classified into categories. Results: the approach by nurses to tobacco users is performed in an individual and unsystematic manner and in operative groups in accordance with the principles of the cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is a complex approach due to issues related to users themselves and to human, material, and structural resources. The expectations of nurses include supporting smoking cessation and expanding the tobacco use prevention work in educational environments. Final considerations: this study points out that nurses need to use the nursing care systematization in coordination with the recommendations of policies aimed at tobacco use control to perform their role in the promotion, control, and reduction of health complications in tobacco users.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia del enfermero en el abordaje a los fumadores en atención primaria de salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa y fenomenológica con 15 enfermeros entrevistadas entre enero y marzo de 2017. Testimonios analizados y organizados en categorías. Resultados: El acercamiento de las enfermeras al fumador se realiza de forma individual y asistemática y en grupos operativos siguiendo los principios de la terapia cognitivo-conductual. Este enfoque es complejo debido a cuestiones relacionadas con el fumador y con los recursos humanos, materiales y estructurales. Las expectativas de las enfermeras incluyen apoyar la cesación tabáquica y expandir el trabajo de prevención del tabaquismo en entornos educativos. Consideraciones finales: Se señala la necesidad de que las enfermeras adecuen la sistematización de la atención de enfermería articulada a las recomendaciones de las políticas de control del tabaquismo, cumpliendo su rol en la promoción, control y reducción de los problemas de salud de los fumadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a experiência do enfermeiro na abordagem aos usuários tabagistas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica, com 15 enfermeiros entrevistados entre janeiro e março de 2017. Os depoimentos foram analisados e organizados em categorias. Resultados: a abordagem dos enfermeiros ao usuário tabagista é realizada de modo individual e assistemático e em grupos operativos seguindo os princípios da terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Essa abordagem é complexa por causa de questões relativas ao próprio usuário e aos recursos humanos, materiais e estruturais. As expectativas dos enfermeiros incluem apoiar a cessação do tabagismo e expandir o trabalho de prevenção do uso do tabaco em espaços educativos. Considerações finais: aponta-se a necessidade de o enfermeiro apropriar-se da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem articulada às recomendações das políticas voltadas para o controle do tabagismo, com vistas a cumprir seu papel na promoção, no controle e na diminuição dos agravos à saúde dos usuários tabagistas.

Experience of adults and older people with adherence to venous ulcer care. / Experiência de pessoas adultas e idosas frente à adesão aos cuidados com a úlcera varicosa.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experience of adults and older people with adherence to venous ulcer care. METHOD: A qualitative study based on the concepts of Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology was carried out with 12 adults and older people undergoing venous ulcer treatment in a specialized service in the state of Minas Gerais. The interviews were carried out from October to November 2015, analyzed, categorized, and discussed based on the theoretical-philosophical framework adopted and on thematic literature. RESULTS: The following thematic categories emerged from the interviews: "beliefs and personal and social activities hindering adherence to care"; "being protagonists in the care relationship with venous ulcers", and "motivation for adherence to care". CONCLUSIONS: The intersubjective relationship established between patients with venous ulcers and healthcare professionals emerged as a driving force for adherence to care. Promoting the reciprocity relationship of perspectives between these social actors may promote greater adherence to venous ulcer care.

Intimate Partner Violence Among Older Portuguese Immigrant Women in Canada.

One third of the immigrant population around the world is made up of women. Of these women, many belong to the Portuguese community. Immigrants account for more than one in five Canadians. The Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada are vulnerable to be victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is a prevalent and important global health issue that affects differently diverse groups. There are few available researches regarding IPV on this population. The objective of this study is to understand how Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada experience IPV. This is a qualitative study with a social phenomenological focus. Alfred Schutz's motivation theory was used to analyze the impulses that led older women to face IPV. The data were collected from July to October 2013 in the Greater Toronto Area. Ten women 60 years or older were included in the study. The participants perceived themselves as being victimized by their current or ex partners. They are unhappy and suffer from a variety of health problems, which they related to their experience of IPV. These factors, along with participants' personal beliefs, and their legal situations as immigrants in Canada, made them act, either in a way that would try to maintain their relationships, or tried to escape the violent situation. IPV is a complex phenomenon, with different perceptions surrounding it. The experiences of the older immigrant women showed that ending the marriage is not always a possibility to them because of cultural issues and their immigrant status in Canada. Some women wish help and support to improve their relationships.